Peach

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Peach Nectarine
Prunus persica Prunus persica var. nectarina
Family: Rosaceae Family: Rosaceae

Description & storage
Peach: Round juicy fruit with downy yellowish-red skin and a rough stone.
Nectarine: Type of peach with a thin smooth skin and firm flesh.

Peaches and nectarines always have to be picked ripe. They do not ripe well after they have been picked. You can keep peaches and nectarines for one to three days but you have to be very carefull, one small bruise and it will go bad on that spot.

Tree / shrub
The peach and nectarine trees or shrubs grow upto 5 x 5 m. It is self pollinative and has an impressive blossoming.
Darwin (1731-1802) noticed that peach trees spontaneously produced nectarines and that this also happens the other way around. He even describes a tree that produced a fruit that was half peach half nectarine and later fell back producing peaches.

Short history
Peaches are from Chinese origin. They go back to the 10th century B.C. and are often found on illustrations from that time. The Chinese have developed an incredible amount of peach of races.
The peach got it's name around 300 B.C. The greek philosopher Theophrastus thought it came from Persia and named this lovely fruit to that country. In the first century the fruit is mentioned by Romans who wrote that they imported the fruit from Persia. It is supposed that the peach reached Europe around the year 0. In England they don't show up before 1650 A.D.
Strange enough, the nectarine is never mentioned in descriptions from the time Before Christ. Nectarines are first mentioned in America in 1720 when they grew between the peach trees in Virginia. A.J. Downing registred 19 nectarine races in America in 1857.
Today many types of nectarines are cultivated.

Use
Peaches and nectarines taste best consumed "warm" from the tree. Often jam is made out of it because they can't be stored fresh.
Nectarines are mostly eaten with the skin as peaches are mostly peeled.

Types and family
There are races with the stone fixed to the pulp and races with a loose stone. The pulp varies in colour from white to yellow and certain types have red stains.
The colour of it's skin varies from green to dark-red.
Most remarkable characteristic of the peach is it's downy skin.

Fig

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Fig
Ficus carica
Family: Moraceae

Description & storage
Fig: soft sweet fruit, full of small seeds and often eaten dried.
Fresh figs are delicious and often jam and chutney is made from them.
The skin of figs is very thin and ripe figs can't be kept or transported very well. As figs have to be picked when ripe you only can eat them fresh in the country of origin.
In the warm countries the figs are dried for export and storage.

Tree / shrub
The fig tree/shrub grows upto 9m x 7m.

Short histotory
Figs are originally from small Asia and are one of the first fruits cultivated ever. The Greek mention them and around 60 A.C. and Plato promoted the fig as being the nutrition for athletes. A story is known of the Greek government that had forbidden all export of figs once to assure themselves a good outcome at The Olympic Games. The Greek knew about twenty nine fig sorts. Officially figs were imported to Europe around 1600. Today there are more than 600 different fig types.

Use
Figs taste best consumed "warm" from the tree. They are dried often because they can't be stored.

Types and family
There are over 600 fig cultivars.
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Sweet Orange

Sweet Orange
Citrus sinenis
Family: Rutaceae

Clementine, Mandarin, Tangerine, Satsuma
Citrus reticulata,
Family: Rutaceae

Description & storage
Orange: Round thick skinned juicy edible fruit that is a reddish-yellow color when ripe. Mandarin types: type of small orange with loose skin. Store them at 12 degrees Celcius (=57o F) or if you like in the refrigerator. This is nice when you use them for squeezing.

Tree
Orange trees are evergreen trees. They grow 8 to 15 m. high.The mandarin tree grows up to 7,5 m. high. The kumquat plant is a shrub that grows up to 4m. high.

BLACKBERRY

The blackberry is an aggregate fruit from a bramble bush, genus Rubus in the rose family Rosaceae. It is a widespread and well known group of several hundred species, many of which are closely related apomictic microspecies native throughout the temperate Northern hemisphere.
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PLUM

PLUM
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A plum or gage is a stone fruit tree in the genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus. The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera (peaches, cherries, bird cherries, etc) in the shoots having a terminal bud and the side buds solitary (not clustered), the flowers being grouped 1-5 together on short stems, and the fruit having a groove running down one side, and a smooth stone.
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PEAR

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A pear is an edible pomaceous fruit. The pear is classified within Maloideae, a subfamily within Rosaceae. The apple (Malus ×domestica) which it resembles in floral structure, is also a member of this subfamily.

The English word pear is probably from Common West Germanic *pera, probably a loanword of Vulgar Latin pira, the plural of pirum, akin to Greek api(r)os, which is likely of Semitic origin. The place name Perry can indicate the historical presence of pear trees. The term "pyriform" is sometimes used to describe something which is "pear-shaped".
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Cherry

CHERRY
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Prunus avium Family: Rosaceae
Description & storage Cherry: small soft round fruit, red or black when ripe, containing a stone. Cherries always have to be picked ripe. They do not ripe well after they have been picked. You can keep cherries for one to three days.
Tree / shrub The cherry tree grows upto 9 m.
Short histotory Cherries are native in Europe.
Use Cherries taste best consumed "warm" from the tree. Often jelly is made because they can't be stored. Cherries can be frozen but you better remove the stones first.
Types and family There are red, black and yellow cherries.
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